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HAZWOPER Train the Trainer
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NEW INFORMATION
The Future Citations
Status active.
NEW ASSIGNMENT
Pre read the
HAZWOPER Guidence Manual.
Any questions call (800) 275-8239
Medical Surveillance
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Physicals and Exit Physicals
- Medical
rights
- Heat Stress
- Cold Stress
- Sunlight
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Noise
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Hazard Communication
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Right to Know
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Global Harmonization :
Labels,
Safety Data Sheets, and
Pictograms
- Emergency Response Guidebook
- Quiz
Spill Response
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Initial actions
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Fire Science
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Clean up
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Post Emergency Response
Corrosives
- PH
- Acid
- Base
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Neutralization
- Burn
Hazards
Environmental and Mechanical Hazards
Under Construction
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A Material Handling
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B General Hazard Safety Work Practices
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C Hydroblasting
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D Struck By Caught By
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Electrical
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E
Toxicology
- What is Toxic
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Dose Response Relationship
Dose-Response
The relationship that associates the dose of a chemical with the effects it
causes is called the dose-response relationship. A single data point
relating a dose to a response is sufficient to establish a dose-response
relationship. As additional data become available, it is possible to expand
our understanding of the dose-response relationship to cover a range of
doses or exposures. Dose-response is an important principle in toxicology,
and an understanding of dose-response is important in establishing
occupational or other exposure limits. Knowing how toxic substances act
makes it easier to predict the potential effects of exposure. (It is, of
course, generally true that lowering dose reduces response, and data are
often available to demonstrate that lower doses reduce responses, at least
on the grossly observable level. However, data showing that more subtle
responses (e.g., those at the subcellular level) have been reduced are
rarely available.) To apply dose-response relationships, it is helpful if
several types of data are available. First, it must be possible to relate a
response to a particular chemical. Although basic data pointing toward
causality may be available, it is often difficult to refine the
dose-response relationship further. For example, epidemiological studies
often identify an association between a disease and one or more causative
agents. However, since information on the precise identity of the etiologic
agent, the actual dose received, and the true site of the response is
usually not available, it is often impossible to use data from
epidemiological studies to establish a precise dose-response relation
between a specific dose of a toxin and an effect.
The second condition to be met before dose-response can be established is
that it must be possible to relate the response to the dose. It is
relatively easy to determine that a large dose causes an obvious response.
Refining the relationship, however, involves three other requirements: (1)
that there be a receptor site; (2) that the response and the intensity of
the response be related to the concentration of the toxin at the receptor
site; and (3) that the concentration of the toxin at the site be related to
the dose given.
The third principle underlying the concept of dose-response is that there
must be a quantifiable means of measuring the toxicity of a substance and a
method of expressing this measured toxicity. Although lethality in test
animals is often used to measure toxicity, the best form of measurement
would involve quantification of the sequence of molecular events occurring
during the toxic response. In the absence of such endpoints, other good
methods are available. For example, it is common to measure an effect
believed to be related to the substance in question. The level of activity
of an enzyme in the blood is often used as a measure of effect, e.g., serum
glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels are used to measure liver
damage. Many different endpoints can be used to measure toxic effects, such
as changes in muscle tone, heart rate, blood pressure, electrical activity
of the brain, motor functioning, and behavior.
The most widely used endpoint, especially when a new substance is involved,
is lethality in an animal test system. Lethality studies allow scientists to
make comparative assessments of a chemical's toxicity as it relates to that
of many other substances. Research of this type also permits the gathering
of essential information on dose, duration, route of administration, site of
action, and the target organ of toxicity.
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Routes of Entry
Inhalation, Absorbtion and Ingestion
- Acute
- Chronic
- Biohazards
Air Monitoring
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Industrial Hygiene
- Physical State: Solid, Dust, Liquid, Mist, Vapor, Gas Chemical
Properties: Vapor Ppresure, Specific Gravity, Lower Explosive Limit, Upper
Explosive Limit, Flash Point Boilging Point, Ionization potential others See
NIOSH Pocket Guide
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Exposure Limits
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Air Monitoring Instrumentation
- Biohazard Sampling
Radiation
- Types of
Radiation
- The Hazard
- Radiation Protection
Respirators
- Selection and
Use
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The regulations
- Air purifying and
Cartridges
- PAPR
- Air Line Systems
- SCBA
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Level D and types of personal protective equipment
- Level C and types of chemical resistant apparel
- Level B and SCBA or SAR chemical skin protection
- Level A SCBA and Totally Encapsulating Suits
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Selection and Use
Site Health and Safety Plan
- Program Health and Safety Plan
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Guidance Manual 85-115
- Standard Operating Procedures See
www.hazwoper.net
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Site Specific Plan
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